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class="ic i-angle-right"></i> <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/categories/Linux/" itemprop="item" rel="index" title="分类于 Linux"><span itemprop="name">Linux</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></span><i class="ic i-angle-right"></i> <span class="current" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/categories/Linux/%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1/" itemprop="item" rel="index" title="分类于 服务"><span itemprop="name">服务</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></span></div><article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" class="post block" lang="zh-CN"><link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://hitoli.com/2022/10/17/redis%E4%B8%BB%E4%BB%8E%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95/"><span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="image" content="/images/avatar.jpg"><meta itemprop="name" content="Hito Li"><meta itemprop="description" content="天下事有难易乎？为之，则难者亦易矣, 天生我材必有用"></span><span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="涛声依旧"></span><div class="body md" itemprop="articleBody"><h4 id="主服务"><a class="anchor" href="#主服务">#</a> 主服务</h4><ol><li>基础配置<br><figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="string">port</span> <span class="number">6379</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">requirepass</span> <span class="number">123456</span><span class="string">（密码，建议不设置）</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">vm-enabled</span> <span class="literal">no</span> <span class="string">（虚拟内存，内存够的情况下可以不使用）</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">maxmemory</span> <span class="string">1GB（告诉Redis当使用了多少物理内存后就开始拒绝后续的写入）</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">bind</span> <span class="number">127.0</span><span class="number">.0</span><span class="number">.1</span> <span class="string">（注释掉，否则不能外部连接）</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">rdbchecksum</span> <span class="literal">no</span><span class="string">（持久化数据检查）</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">list-max-ziplist-size</span> <span class="number">1024</span><span class="string">（ziplist的最大容量，正数为自己指定的大小。负数-1到-5为对应的值4到64Kb）</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">list-compress-depth</span> <span class="number">20</span><span class="string">（quicklist的两端多少个node不压缩，0为全部不压缩）</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1 （立即生效）</span><br><span class="line">修改/etc/sysctl.conf添加vm.overcommit_memory=1（表示内核允许分配所有的物理内存，而不管当前的内存状态如何。Redis的RDB持久化实现是folk一个子进程，然后让子进程将内存镜像dump到RDB文件中。理论上来说是需要跟父进程一样的内存空间，但是由于linux很早就支持的copy-on-write技术，所以实际上并不需要这么多的物理内存的。）</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li>禁用透明大页（影响性能）<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">需要sudo su 切换到root身份（sudo 没用）</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">echo</span> never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled</span><br><span class="line">修改/etc/init.d/redis-server，加入/bin/echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li>修复 TCP 警告<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sysctl net.core.somaxconn=1024（立即生效）</span><br><span class="line">修改/etc/sysctl.conf添加net.core.somaxconn=1024</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li>客户端缓冲区限制<br><figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="string">客户端的输出缓冲区的限制，因为某种原因客户端从服务器读取数据的速度不够快，可用于强制断开连接（一个常见的原因是一个发布</span> <span class="string">/</span> <span class="string">订阅客户端消费消息的速度无法赶上生产它们的速度）。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">可以三种不同客户端的方式进行设置：</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">normal</span> <span class="string">-></span> <span class="string">正常客户端</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">slave</span> <span class="string">-></span> <span class="string">slave</span> <span class="string">和</span> <span class="string">MONITOR</span> <span class="string">客户端</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">pubsub</span> <span class="string">-></span> <span class="string">至少订阅了一个</span> <span class="string">pubsub</span> <span class="string">channel</span> <span class="string">或</span> <span class="string">pattern</span> <span class="string">的客户端</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">语法</span> <span class="string">:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">client-output-buffer-limit</span> <span class="string"><class><hard</span> <span class="string">limit></span> <span class="string"><soft</span> <span class="string">limit></span> <span class="string"><soft</span> <span class="string">seconds></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">一旦达到硬限制客户端会立即断开，或者达到软限制并保持达成的指定秒数（连续）。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">例如，如果硬限制为</span> <span class="number">32</span> <span class="string">兆字节和软限制为</span> <span class="number">16</span> <span class="string">兆字节</span> <span class="string">/10</span> <span class="string">秒，客户端将会立即断开。如果输出缓冲区的大小达到</span> <span class="number">32</span> <span class="string">兆字节，客户端达到</span> <span class="number">16</span> <span class="string">兆字节和连续超过了限制</span> <span class="number">10</span> <span class="string">秒，也将断开连接。默认</span> <span class="string">normal</span> <span class="string">客户端不做限制，因为他们在一个请求后未要求时（以推的方式）不接收数据，</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">只有异步客户端可能会出现请求数据的速度比它可以读取的速度快的场景。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">把硬限制和软限制都设置为</span> <span class="number">0</span> <span class="string">来禁用该特性</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">client-output-buffer-limit</span> <span class="string">normal</span> <span class="number">0</span> <span class="number">0</span> <span class="number">0</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">client-output-buffer-limit</span> <span class="string">slave</span> <span class="string">5gb</span> <span class="string">512mb</span> <span class="number">60</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">client-output-buffer-limit</span> <span class="string">pubsub</span> <span class="string">32mb</span> <span class="string">8mb</span> <span class="number">60</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li>持久化配置<br><figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="string">---关闭RDB持久化---</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">save</span> <span class="string">""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">默认配置如下：</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">save</span> <span class="number">900</span> <span class="number">1</span> <span class="comment">#900秒内有1次更新就持久化</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">save</span> <span class="number">300</span> <span class="number">10</span> <span class="comment">#300秒内有10次更新就持久化</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">save</span> <span class="number">60</span> <span class="number">10000</span> <span class="comment">#60秒内有10000次更新就持久化</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">---关闭RDB持久化---</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">主从同步支持两种策略，即disk和socket方式。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">新的slave端和重连的salve端不允许去继续同步进程，这被称之为“完全同步”。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">一个RDB文件从master端传到slave端，分为两种情况：</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">1</span><span class="string">、支持disk：master端将RDB</span> <span class="string">file写到disk，稍后再传送到slave端；</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">2</span><span class="string">、无磁盘diskless：master端直接将RDB</span> <span class="string">file传到slave</span> <span class="string">socket，不需要与disk进行交互。无磁盘diskless方式适合磁盘读写速度慢但网络带宽非常高的环境。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">repl-diskless-sync</span> <span class="literal">no</span> <span class="string">默认不使用diskless同步方式</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">repl-diskless-sync-delay</span> <span class="number">30</span> <span class="string">无磁盘diskless方式在进行数据传递之前会有一个时间的延迟，以便slave端能够进行到待传送的目标队列中，这个时间默认是5秒</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">repl-ping-slave-period</span> <span class="number">60</span> <span class="string">slave端向server端发送pings的时间区间设置，默认为10秒</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">repl-timeout</span> <span class="number">3600</span> <span class="string">设置超时时间</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">repl-disable-tcp-nodelay</span> <span class="literal">no</span> <span class="string">是否启用TCP_NODELAY，如果启用则会使用少量的TCP包和带宽去进行数据传输到slave端，当然速度会比较慢；如果不启用则传输速度比较快，但是会占用比较多的带宽。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">repl-backlog-size</span> <span class="string">1mb</span> <span class="string">设置backlog的大小，backlog是一个缓冲区，在slave端失连时存放要同步到slave的数据，因此当一个slave要重连时，经常是不需要完全同步的，执行局部同步就足够了。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">backlog设置的越大，slave可以失连的时间就越长。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">repl-backlog-ttl</span> <span class="number">3600</span> <span class="string">如果一段时间后没有slave连接到master，则backlog</span> <span class="string">size的内存将会被释放。如果值为0则表示永远不释放这部份内存。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">slave-priority</span> <span class="number">100</span> <span class="string">slave端的优先级设置，值是一个整数，数字越小表示优先级越高。当master故障时将会按照优先级来选择slave端进行恢复，如果值设置为0，则表示该slave永远不会被选择。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">min-slaves-to-write</span> <span class="number">3</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">min-slaves-max-lag</span> <span class="number">10</span> <span class="string">设置当一个master端的可用slave少于N个，延迟时间大于M秒时，不接收写操作。</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li></ol><h4 id="从服务"><a class="anchor" href="#从服务">#</a> 从服务</h4><p></p><figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="string">基本配置同主服务一致</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">slaveof</span> <span class="number">127.0</span><span class="number">.0</span><span class="number">.1</span> <span class="number">6379</span><span class="string">（主redis的ip和端口）</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">masterauth</span> <span class="number">123456</span> <span class="string">(主redis的密码)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">可以通过slaveof</span> <span class="literal">no</span> <span class="string">one命令将Slaver升级为Maste</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">bgsave</span> <span class="string">（持久化命令，在redis-cli中执行，默认创建dump.rdb文件，路径为</span> <span class="string">/var/lib/redis/dump.rdb。可通过find</span> <span class="string">/</span> <span class="string">-name</span> <span class="string">dump.rd查找）</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p></p><h4 id="相关命令"><a class="anchor" href="#相关命令">#</a> 相关命令</h4><p></p><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">看状态</span><br><span class="line">sudo /etc/init.d/redis-server status</span><br><span class="line">看端口</span><br><span class="line">netstat -nlt|grep 6379</span><br><span class="line">外部连接</span><br><span class="line">sudo vim /etc/redis/redis.conf把protected-mode改为no，把<span class="built_in">bind</span> ip注释掉</span><br><span class="line">重启</span><br><span class="line">sudo server redis-server restart</span><br><span class="line">查看内存</span><br><span class="line">free -m</span><br><span class="line">批量删除指定key</span><br><span class="line">redis-cli -n 6 scan 0 match *2020-06-12 count 10000| xargs redis-cli -n 6 del</span><br><span class="line">大量删除key后快速释放被占用的内存</span><br><span class="line">memory purge</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p></p><h4 id="问题解决"><a class="anchor" href="#问题解决">#</a> 问题解决</h4><p></p><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">写入问题</span><br><span class="line">redis-cli config <span class="built_in">set</span> stop-writes-on-bgsave-error no</span><br><span class="line">sudo vim /etc/redis/redis.conf把stop-writes-on-bgsave-error改为no</span><br><span class="line">修改系统 sudo vim /etc/sysctl.conf加入vm.overcommit_memory=1</span><br><span class="line">sudo sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p></p><div class="tags"><a href="/tags/redis/" rel="tag"><i class="ic i-tag"></i> redis</a></div></div><footer><div class="meta"><span class="item"><span class="icon"><i class="ic i-calendar-check"></i> </span><span class="text">更新于</span> <time title="修改时间：2022-11-08 12:35:29" itemprop="dateModified" 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