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itemprop="item" rel="index" title="分类于 Linux"><span itemprop="name">Linux</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></span><i class="ic i-angle-right"></i> <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/categories/Linux/%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1/" itemprop="item" rel="index" title="分类于 服务"><span itemprop="name">服务</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></span><i class="ic i-angle-right"></i> <span class="current" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/categories/Linux/%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1/Nginx/" itemprop="item" rel="index" title="分类于 Nginx"><span itemprop="name">Nginx</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="3"></span></div><article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" class="post block" lang="zh-CN"><link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://hitoli.com/2022/11/30/Nginx%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88/"><span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="image" content="/images/avatar.jpg"><meta itemprop="name" content="Hito Li"><meta itemprop="description" content="天下事有难易乎？为之，则难者亦易矣, 天生我材必有用"></span><span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="涛声依旧"></span><div class="body md" itemprop="articleBody"><h4 id="应用场景"><a class="anchor" href="#应用场景">#</a> 应用场景：</h4><p>由于有时候 nginx 代理的时候，第三方域名对应的 ip 可能发生变化，然而没有提前通知，然而如果不配置什么，nginx 又不能智能解析，因此 nginx 动态解析域名就比较重要。</p><h4 id="使用模块nginx-upstream-dynamic-servers"><a class="anchor" href="#使用模块nginx-upstream-dynamic-servers">#</a> 使用模块 nginx-upstream-dynamic-servers</h4><p>该模块在启动 nginx 的时候会对域名进行一次解析，解析完成后，在 DNS 服务器设定的 TTL 过期时间内不会再次更新，在 TTL 过期后则会再次发起域名解析请求更新域名所对应的 IP 地址。</p><p>需要在 nginx 的配置文件中的 http 配置域内指定使用的 DNS 服务器，在 upstream 中需要进行域名解析的 server 后面添加 resolve 参数。</p><p>例：<br></p><figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="string">http</span> {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">resolver</span> <span class="string">ip;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">upstream</span> <span class="string">test</span> {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">server</span> <span class="string">www.xxx.com:8080</span> <span class="string">resolve;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">server</span> {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">listen</span> <span class="number">8080</span><span class="string">;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">client_body_buffer_size</span> <span class="string">10m;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">server_name</span> <span class="string">localhost;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">location</span> <span class="string">/</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">proxy_pass</span> <span class="string">http://test;</span></span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br>缺点：<p></p><p>1、每次解析域名之后，会从 DNS 服务器获取到改 DNS 的 TTL，在 TTL 期限内不会再次解析，所以如果目标域名发生改变，nginx 不会更新解析，知道 TTL 过期。</p><p>2、DNS 服务器在 http 配置域配置全，不能在 location 中细分指定。</p><h4 id="使用模块ngx_upstream_jdomain"><a class="anchor" href="#使用模块ngx_upstream_jdomain">#</a> 使用模块 ngx_upstream_jdomain</h4><p>在 http 配置域中配置 DNS 服务器，在 upstream 中按照这个模块的格式配置，支持设置每隔多少秒进行一次解析（抓包分析过设置 interval 可指定解析间隔），如果解析失败则使用缓存中的上一次解析结果的 IP 地址访问。</p><p>例：<br></p><figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="string">http</span> {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">resolver</span> <span class="string">ip;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">upstream</span> <span class="string">test</span> {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">jdomain</span> <span class="string">www.xxx.com</span> <span class="string">port=8080</span> <span class="string">interval=10;</span> <span class="comment">#指定域名和端口，每隔10秒进行一次解析</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">server</span> {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">listen</span> <span class="number">8080</span><span class="string">;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">client_body_buffer_size</span> <span class="string">10m;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">server_name</span> <span class="string">localhost;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">location</span> <span class="string">/</span> {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">proxy_pass</span> <span class="string">http://test;</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br>缺点：DNS 服务器只能在 http 配域中全局配置<p></p><h4 id="原生nginx使用set命令使用变量"><a class="anchor" href="#原生nginx使用set命令使用变量">#</a> 原生 nginx 使用 set 命令使用变量</h4><p>将域名置于变量中，在对 proxy_pass 进行转发的时候域名调用变量，可以按照 valid，设置的时间参数间隔地对变量中的域名进行解析。</p><p>例：<br></p><figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="string">server</span> {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">listen</span> <span class="number">8080</span><span class="string">;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">client_body_buffer_size</span> <span class="string">10m;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">server_name</span> <span class="string">localhost;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">location</span> <span class="string">/</span> {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">resolver</span> <span class="string">ip</span> <span class="string">valid=3s;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">set</span> <span class="string">$five</span> <span class="string">"www.xxx.com:8080"</span><span class="string">;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">proxy_pass</span> <span class="string">http://$</span>{<span class="string">five</span>}<span class="string">;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br>缺点：upstream 中不支持设置变量，因此后端有多台的时候该方案不可行。<p></p><h4 id="tengine"><a class="anchor" href="#tengine">#</a> Tengine</h4><p>在 upstream 中配置 dynamic_resolve，在 location 配置域中指定 NDS 服务器，按照 valid 设置的时间间隔地进行地址解析。<span class="label danger">只支持 http 模块的动态域名解析</span></p><p>例：<br></p><figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="string">http</span> {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">upstream</span> <span class="string">test</span> {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">dynamic_resolve</span> <span class="string">fallback=stale</span> <span class="string">fail_timeout=30s;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">server</span> <span class="string">www.xxx.com:8080;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">server</span> {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">listen</span> <span class="number">8080</span><span class="string">;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">location</span> <span class="string">/</span> {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">resolver</span> <span class="string">ip</span> <span class="string">valid=3s;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">proxy_pass</span> <span class="string">http://test;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br>缺点：需要将 nginx 的 bin 文件替换为 tengine 的 bin 文件。<p></p><div class="tags"><a href="/tags/Nginx/" rel="tag"><i class="ic i-tag"></i> Nginx</a> <a href="/tags/%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90/" rel="tag"><i class="ic i-tag"></i> 动态域名解析</a> <a href="/tags/Tengine/" rel="tag"><i class="ic i-tag"></i> Tengine</a></div></div><footer><div class="meta"><span class="item"><span class="icon"><i class="ic i-calendar-check"></i> </span><span class="text">更新于</span> <time title="修改时间：2022-11-30 17:28:15" 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Nginx</span><h3>将nginx替换为tengine</h3></a></div></div><div class="wrap" id="comments"></div></div><div id="sidebar"><div class="inner"><div class="panels"><div class="inner"><div class="contents panel pjax" data-title="文章目录"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%9C%BA%E6%99%AF"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">应用场景：</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97nginx-upstream-dynamic-servers"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用模块 nginx-upstream-dynamic-servers</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97ngx_upstream_jdomain"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用模块 ngx_upstream_jdomain</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" 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