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class="ic i-angle-right"></i> <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/categories/Linux/" itemprop="item" rel="index" title="分类于 Linux"><span itemprop="name">Linux</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></span><i class="ic i-angle-right"></i> <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/categories/Linux/%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1/" itemprop="item" rel="index" title="分类于 服务"><span itemprop="name">服务</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></span><i class="ic i-angle-right"></i> <span class="current" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/categories/Linux/%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1/Nginx/" itemprop="item" rel="index" title="分类于 Nginx"><span itemprop="name">Nginx</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="3"></span></div><article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" class="post block" lang="zh-CN"><link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://hitoli.com/2022/11/30/Nginx%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88/"><span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="image" content="/images/avatar.jpg"><meta itemprop="name" content="Hito Li"><meta itemprop="description" content="天下事有难易乎？为之，则难者亦易矣, 天生我材必有用"></span><span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="涛声依旧"></span><div class="body md" itemprop="articleBody"><h4 id="应用场景"><a class="anchor" href="#应用场景">#</a> 应用场景：</h4><p>由于有时候 nginx 代理的时候，第三方域名对应的 ip 可能发生变化，然而没有提前通知，然而如果不配置什么，nginx 又不能智能解析，因此 nginx 动态解析域名就比较重要。</p><h4 id="使用模块nginx-upstream-dynamic-servers"><a class="anchor" href="#使用模块nginx-upstream-dynamic-servers">#</a> 使用模块 nginx-upstream-dynamic-servers</h4><p>该模块在启动 nginx 的时候会对域名进行一次解析，解析完成后，在 DNS 服务器设定的 TTL 过期时间内不会再次更新，在 TTL 过期后则会再次发起域名解析请求更新域名所对应的 IP 地址。</p><p>需要在 nginx 的配置文件中的 http 配置域内指定使用的 DNS 服务器，在 upstream 中需要进行域名解析的 server 后面添加 resolve 参数。</p><p>例：</p><figure class="highlight yaml"><figcaption data-lang="YAML"></figcaption><table><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>http <span class="token punctuation">{</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="3"></td><td><pre> resolver ip;</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="4"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="5"></td><td><pre> upstream test <span class="token punctuation">{</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="6"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="7"></td><td><pre> server www.xxx.com<span class="token punctuation">:</span>8080 resolve;</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="8"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="9"></td><td><pre> <span class="token punctuation">}</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="10"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="11"></td><td><pre> server <span class="token punctuation">{</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="12"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="13"></td><td><pre> listen 8080;</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="14"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="15"></td><td><pre> client_body_buffer_size 10m;</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="16"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="17"></td><td><pre> server_name localhost;</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="18"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="19"></td><td><pre> location / <span class="token punctuation">{</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="20"></td><td><pre> </pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="21"></td><td><pre> proxy_pass http<span class="token punctuation">:</span>//test;</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="22"></td><td><pre> </pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="23"></td><td><pre> <span class="token punctuation">}</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="24"></td><td><pre> </pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="25"></td><td><pre> <span class="token punctuation">}</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="26"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="27"></td><td><pre><span class="token punctuation">}</span></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>缺点：</p><p>1、每次解析域名之后，会从 DNS 服务器获取到改 DNS 的 TTL，在 TTL 期限内不会再次解析，所以如果目标域名发生改变，nginx 不会更新解析，知道 TTL 过期。</p><p>2、DNS 服务器在 http 配置域配置全，不能在 location 中细分指定。</p><h4 id="使用模块ngx_upstream_jdomain"><a class="anchor" href="#使用模块ngx_upstream_jdomain">#</a> 使用模块 ngx_upstream_jdomain</h4><p>在 http 配置域中配置 DNS 服务器，在 upstream 中按照这个模块的格式配置，支持设置每隔多少秒进行一次解析（抓包分析过设置 interval 可指定解析间隔），如果解析失败则使用缓存中的上一次解析结果的 IP 地址访问。</p><p>例：</p><figure class="highlight yaml"><figcaption data-lang="YAML"></figcaption><table><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>http <span class="token punctuation">{</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="3"></td><td><pre> resolver ip;</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="4"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="5"></td><td><pre> upstream test <span class="token punctuation">{</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="6"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="7"></td><td><pre> jdomain www.xxx.com port=8080 interval=10; <span class="token comment">#指定域名和端口，每隔 10 秒进行一次解析</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="8"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="9"></td><td><pre> <span class="token punctuation">}</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="10"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="11"></td><td><pre> server <span class="token punctuation">{</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="12"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="13"></td><td><pre> listen 8080;</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="14"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="15"></td><td><pre> client_body_buffer_size 10m;</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="16"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="17"></td><td><pre> server_name localhost;</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="18"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="19"></td><td><pre> location / <span class="token punctuation">{</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="20"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="21"></td><td><pre> proxy_pass http<span class="token punctuation">:</span>//test;</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="22"></td><td><pre> <span class="token punctuation">}</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="23"></td><td><pre> </pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="24"></td><td><pre> <span class="token punctuation">}</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="25"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="26"></td><td><pre><span class="token punctuation">}</span></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>缺点：DNS 服务器只能在 http 配域中全局配置</p><h4 id="原生nginx使用set命令使用变量"><a class="anchor" href="#原生nginx使用set命令使用变量">#</a> 原生 nginx 使用 set 命令使用变量</h4><p>将域名置于变量中，在对 proxy_pass 进行转发的时候域名调用变量，可以按照 valid，设置的时间参数间隔地对变量中的域名进行解析。</p><p>例：</p><figure class="highlight yaml"><figcaption data-lang="YAML"></figcaption><table><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>server <span class="token punctuation">{</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="3"></td><td><pre> listen 8080;</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="4"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="5"></td><td><pre> client_body_buffer_size 10m;</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="6"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="7"></td><td><pre> server_name localhost;</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="8"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="9"></td><td><pre> location / <span class="token punctuation">{</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="10"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="11"></td><td><pre> resolver ip valid=3s;</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="12"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="13"></td><td><pre> set $five "www.xxx.com<span class="token punctuation">:</span>8080";</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="14"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="15"></td><td><pre> proxy_pass http<span class="token punctuation">:</span>//$<span class="token punctuation">{</span>five<span class="token punctuation">}</span>;</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="16"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="17"></td><td><pre> <span class="token punctuation">}</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="18"></td><td><pre> </pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="19"></td><td><pre><span class="token punctuation">}</span></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>缺点：upstream 中不支持设置变量，因此后端有多台的时候该方案不可行。</p><h4 id="tengine"><a class="anchor" href="#tengine">#</a> Tengine</h4><p>在 upstream 中配置 dynamic_resolve，在 location 配置域中指定 NDS 服务器，按照 valid 设置的时间间隔地进行地址解析。<span class="label danger">只支持 http 模块的动态域名解析</span></p><p>例：</p><figure class="highlight yaml"><figcaption data-lang="YAML"></figcaption><table><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>http <span class="token punctuation">{</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="3"></td><td><pre> upstream test <span class="token punctuation">{</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="4"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="5"></td><td><pre> dynamic_resolve fallback=stale fail_timeout=30s;</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="6"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="7"></td><td><pre> server www.xxx.com<span class="token punctuation">:</span>8080;</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="8"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="9"></td><td><pre> <span class="token punctuation">}</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="10"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="11"></td><td><pre> server <span class="token punctuation">{</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="12"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="13"></td><td><pre> listen 8080;</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="14"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="15"></td><td><pre> location / <span class="token punctuation">{</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="16"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="17"></td><td><pre> resolver ip valid=3s;</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="18"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="19"></td><td><pre> proxy_pass http<span class="token punctuation">:</span>//test;</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="20"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="21"></td><td><pre> <span class="token punctuation">}</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="22"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="23"></td><td><pre> <span class="token punctuation">}</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="24"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="25"></td><td><pre><span class="token punctuation">}</span></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>缺点：需要将 nginx 的 bin 文件替换为 tengine 的 bin 文件。</p><div class="tags"><a href="/tags/Nginx/" rel="tag"><i class="ic i-tag"></i> Nginx</a> <a href="/tags/Tengine/" rel="tag"><i class="ic i-tag"></i> Tengine</a> <a href="/tags/%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90/" rel="tag"><i class="ic i-tag"></i> 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class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用模块 ngx_upstream_jdomain</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9Fnginx%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8set%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">原生 nginx 使用 set 命令使用变量</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#tengine"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">Tengine</span></a></li></ol></div><div class="related panel pjax" data-title="系列文章"><ul><li><a href="/2022/09/23/%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8Dip%E5%8F%98%E5%8A%A8%E5%90%8E%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E9%87%8D%E5%90%AFnginx%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98/" rel="bookmark" title="解决域名ip变动后需要重启nginx的问题">解决域名ip变动后需要重启nginx的问题</a></li><li><a href="/2022/09/27/nginx%E8%B4%9F%E8%BD%BD%E5%9D%87%E8%A1%A1%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE/" rel="bookmark" title="nginx负载均衡配置">nginx负载均衡配置</a></li><li><a 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