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itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/categories/Linux/" itemprop="item" rel="index" title="分类于 Linux"><span itemprop="name">Linux</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></span><i class="ic i-angle-right"></i> <span class="current" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/categories/Linux/Shell/" itemprop="item" rel="index" title="分类于 Shell"><span itemprop="name">Shell</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></span></div><article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" class="post block" lang="zh-CN"><link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://blog.jingxiyuan.cn/2022/11/02/2-dev-null%E5%92%8C-dev-null-2-1%E5%92%8C2-1-dev-null%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB/"><span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="image" content="/images/avatar.jpg"><meta itemprop="name" content="Hito Li"><meta itemprop="description" content="天下事有难易乎？为之，则难者亦易矣, 天生我材必有用"></span><span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="涛声依旧"></span><div class="body md" itemprop="articleBody"><h4 id="区别"><a class="anchor" href="#区别">#</a> 区别：</h4><figure class="highlight bash"><figcaption data-lang="bash"></figcaption><table><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token operator"><span class="token file-descriptor important">2</span>></span>/dev/null</pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>意思就是把错误输出到 “黑洞”</p><figure class="highlight bash"><figcaption data-lang="bash"></figcaption><table><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token operator">></span>/dev/null <span class="token operator"><span class="token file-descriptor important">2</span>></span><span class="token file-descriptor important">&1</span></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>默认情况是 1，也就是等同于 1>/dev/null 2>&1。意思就是把标准输出重定向到 “黑洞”，还把错误输出 2 重定向到标准输出 1，也就是标准输出和错误输出都进了 “黑洞”</p><figure class="highlight bash"><figcaption data-lang="bash"></figcaption><table><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token operator"><span class="token file-descriptor important">2</span>></span><span class="token file-descriptor important">&1</span> <span class="token operator">></span>/dev/null</pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>意思就是把错误输出 2 重定向到标准出书 1，也就是屏幕，标准输出进了 “黑洞”，也就是标准输出进了黑洞，错误输出打印到屏幕</p><h4 id="解释"><a class="anchor" href="#解释">#</a> 解释：</h4><ol><li><p>文件描述符<br>Linux 系统预留三个文件描述符：0、1 和 2，他们的意义如下所示：<br>0—— 标准输入（stdin）<br>略...<br>1—— 标准输出（stdout）<br>在当前目录下，有且只有一个文件名称为 a.txt 的文件，这时我们运行这个命令【ls a.txt】, 就会获得一个标准输出 stdout 的输出结果：a.txt<br><img data-src="https://file.jingxiyuan.cn/images/2022/11/01/newscreen629761046.jpg" alt=""><br>2—— 标准错误（stderr）<br>在当前目录下，有且只有一个文件名称为 a.txt 的文件，我们运行命令【ls b.txt】，我们就会获得一个标准错误 stderr 的输出结果 “ls：无法访问 b.txt：没有这样的文件或目录”。<br><img data-src="https://file.jingxiyuan.cn/images/2022/11/01/newscreen629793578.jpg" alt=""></p></li><li><p>重定向<br>重定向的符号有两个：> 或 >>，两者的区别是：前者会先清空文件，然后再写入内容，后者会将重定向的内容追加到现有文件的尾部。举例如下：</p></li></ol><ul><li><p>重定向标准输出 stdout<br><img data-src="https://file.jingxiyuan.cn/images/2022/11/01/newscreen630033531.jpg" alt=""><br>如上图所示，对比没有添加重定向的操作，这条命令在使用之后并没有将 a.txt 打印到屏幕。在紧接的 cat 操作后，可以发现本来应该被输出的内容被记录到 stdout.txt 中。</p></li><li><p>重定向标准错误 stderr<br><img data-src="https://file.jingxiyuan.cn/images/2022/11/01/newscreen630256640.jpg" alt=""><br>如上图所示，文件描述符 2，标准错误的重定向也是同样的原理被记录在了文件 stderr.txt 这个文件里面了。</p></li><li><p>可以将 stderr 单独定向到一个文件，stdout 重定向到另一个文件</p></li></ul><figure class="highlight bash"><figcaption data-lang="bash"></figcaption><table><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token function">ls</span> b.txt <span class="token operator"><span class="token file-descriptor important">2</span>></span> stderr.txt <span class="token operator"><span class="token file-descriptor important">1</span>></span>stdout.txt</pre></td></tr></table></figure><ul><li>也可以将 stderr 和 stdout 重定向到同一个文件</li></ul><figure class="highlight bash"><figcaption data-lang="bash"></figcaption><table><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token function">ls</span> b.txt <span class="token operator">></span> output.txt <span class="token operator"><span class="token file-descriptor important">2</span>></span><span class="token file-descriptor important">&1</span></pre></td></tr></table></figure><ul><li>或采用下面的方法，可以少写几个字，能达到同样的效果</li></ul><figure class="highlight bash"><figcaption data-lang="bash"></figcaption><table><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token function">ls</span> b.txt <span class="token operator">&></span> output.txt</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre><span class="token function">ls</span> b.txt <span class="token operator">>&</span> output.txt <span class="token comment">#两个表达式效果一样的</span></pre></td></tr></table></figure><ol start="3"><li>Linux 特殊文件<br>/dev/null 是一个特殊的设备文件，这个文件接收到任何数据都会被丢弃。因此，null 这个设备通常也被称为位桶（bit bucket）或黑洞。<br>所以，2>/dev/null 的意思就是将标准错误 stderr 删掉。</li></ol><div class="tags"><a href="/tags/Shell/" rel="tag"><i class="ic i-tag"></i> Shell</a> <a href="/tags/2-1/" rel="tag"><i class="ic i-tag"></i> 2>&1</a></div></div><footer><div class="meta"><span class="item"><span class="icon"><i class="ic i-calendar-check"></i> </span><span class="text">更新于</span> <time title="修改时间：2022-11-02 07:59:45" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2022-11-02T07:59:45+08:00">2022-11-02</time> </span><span id="2022/11/02/2-dev-null和-dev-null-2-1和2-1-dev-null的区别/" class="item leancloud_visitors" data-flag-title="2>/dev/null 和 >/dev/null 2>&1 和 2>&1>/dev/null 的区别" title="阅读次数"><span class="icon"><i class="ic i-eye"></i> </span><span class="text">阅读次数</span> <span class="leancloud-visitors-count"></span> <span class="text">次</span></span></div><div class="reward"><button><i class="ic i-heartbeat"></i> 赞赏</button><p>请我喝[茶]~(￣▽￣)~*</p><div id="qr"><div><img data-src="/images/wechatpay.png" alt="Hito Li 微信支付"><p>微信支付</p></div><div><img 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